Fiche à imprimer : Feeding ten billion : OGM et sécurité alimentaire (1re)

Anglais	Français
GMOs (genetically modified organisms)	les OGM
food security	la sécurité alimentaire
drought-resistant crops	des cultures résistantes à la sécheresse
higher yields	de meilleurs rendements
It is claimed that GM crops reduce pesticide use.	On affirme que les cultures OGM réduisent l'usage de pesticides.
the precautionary principle	le principe de précaution

La population mondiale pourrait approcher les 10 milliards d'habitants d'ici 2050. Comment la nourrir ? Pour certains, les cultures génétiquement modifiées (résistantes à la sécheresse, aux insectes, enrichies en vitamines) font partie de la solution. Pour d'autres, elles menacent la biodiversité, rendent les agriculteurs dépendants des semenciers, et le gaspillage et les inégalités sont les vrais problèmes. L'Union européenne applique un principe de précaution strict. Le passif impersonnel : It is said / claimed / believed that...

Mise en situation : le débat

Teacher : By 2050, there could be nearly ten billion people on Earth. Can GMOs help feed them?

D'ici 2050, il pourrait y avoir près de dix milliards d'habitants sur Terre. Les OGM peuvent-ils aider à les nourrir ?

Ella : Yes. It is claimed that drought-resistant crops could save harvests in regions hit by climate change.

Oui. On affirme que des cultures résistantes à la sécheresse pourraient sauver des récoltes dans les régions touchées par le changement climatique.

Max : But it is also feared that GM crops reduce biodiversity. And farmers have to buy new seeds from big companies every year.

Mais on craint aussi que les OGM réduisent la biodiversité. Et les agriculteurs doivent racheter des semences à de grandes entreprises chaque année.

Ella : Some GM rice has been designed to fight vitamin A deficiency in poor countries.

Un riz OGM a été conçu pour lutter contre la carence en vitamine A dans les pays pauvres.

Max : Still, about a third of the food produced in the world is wasted. Shouldn't we solve that first?

Pourtant, environ un tiers de la nourriture produite dans le monde est gaspillé. Ne devrait-on pas régler ça d'abord ?

Teacher : So maybe the answer isn't one single solution, but several.

Alors peut-être que la réponse n'est pas une solution unique, mais plusieurs.

À retenir

GMOs, genetically modified, crops, seeds, yields, drought, pests, pesticides, food waste, food security, biodiversity.
It is claimed / said / believed / feared that... ; has been designed to... ; Shouldn't we...?

Exercice 1 : OGM et sécurité alimentaire : exercice 1 (QCM)

« les OGM »
1. GMTs
2. GMOs
3. GPS
« la sécurité alimentaire »
1. food safety of
2. food security
3. secure food
« la sécheresse »
1. draught beer
2. thought
3. drought
« On affirme que... »
1. It claims that...
2. It is claiming that...
3. It is claimed that...
« On craint que... »
1. It fears that...
2. It is fearing that...
3. It is feared that...
« des semences »
1. seats
2. sees
3. seeds
« les rendements »
1. yields
2. fields
3. yells
Part de la nourriture mondiale gaspillée :
1. environ 1 %
2. environ un tiers
3. environ 90 %
Population mondiale possible en 2050 :
1. près de 10 milliards
2. 20 milliards
3. 5 milliards
« le principe de précaution »
1. the precautionary principle
2. the precaution principal
3. the precautious principle

Exercice 2 : OGM et sécurité alimentaire : exercice 2 (à compléter)

It is .......................... that GM crops reduce pesticide use.
It is also .......................... that GM crops reduce biodiversity.
drought- .......................... crops
Farmers have to buy new .......................... every year.
Some GM rice has been .......................... to fight vitamin A deficiency.
About a third of the food is .......................... .
.......................... we solve that first?
By 2050, there could be nearly ten .......................... people.
food ..........................
regions .......................... by climate change (touchées)

Exercice 3 : OGM et sécurité alimentaire : mise en situation

Les OGM peuvent-ils aider à nourrir le monde ?
1. Can GMOs help feeding them of?
2. Can GMOs help feed them?
3. Do GMOs can help feed them?
On affirme que ces cultures pourraient sauver des récoltes.
1. It is claimed that drought-resistant crops could save harvests.
2. It is claiming drought-resistant crops could save harvests.
3. It claims that drought-resistant crops could save harvests.
On craint qu'ils réduisent la biodiversité.
1. It fears that GM crops reduce biodiversity.
2. It is fear that GM crops reduce biodiversity.
3. It is feared that GM crops reduce biodiversity.
Les agriculteurs doivent racheter des semences.
1. Farmers has to buy new seeds every year.
2. Farmers have to buy new seats every year.
3. Farmers have to buy new seeds every year.
Un riz a été conçu pour lutter contre une carence.
1. Some GM rice has designed to fight vitamin A deficiency.
2. Some GM rice has been designed to fight vitamin A deficiency.
3. Some GM rice is been designed to fight vitamin A deficiency.
Un tiers de la nourriture est gaspillé.
1. About a three of the food is wasted.
2. About a third of the food produced is wasted.
3. About a third of the food produced is waisted.
Ne devrait-on pas régler ça d'abord ?
1. We shouldn't solve that first?
2. Shouldn't we solve that first?
3. Should we not to solve that first?
Pas une solution unique, mais plusieurs.
1. not a only solution, but several
2. not one single solution, but several
3. not one single solution, but severals
On pense que le climat va réduire les récoltes.
1. It is believed that climate change will reduce harvests.
2. It is believing that climate change will reduce harvests.
3. It believes that climate change will reduce harvests.
L'UE applique le principe de précaution.
1. The EU applies the precautionary principle.
2. The EU apply the precautionary principle.
3. The EU applies the precaution principal.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. b) GMOs · 2. b) food security · 3. c) drought · 4. c) It is claimed that... · 5. c) It is feared that... · 6. c) seeds · 7. a) yields · 8. b) environ un tiers · 9. a) près de 10 milliards · 10. a) the precautionary principle

Exercice 2

1. claimed · 2. feared · 3. resistant · 4. seeds · 5. designed · 6. wasted · 7. Shouldn't · 8. billion · 9. security · 10. hit

Exercice 3

1. b) Can GMOs help feed them? · 2. a) It is claimed that drought-resistant crops could save harvests. · 3. c) It is feared that GM crops reduce biodiversity. · 4. c) Farmers have to buy new seeds every year. · 5. b) Some GM rice has been designed to fight vitamin A deficiency. · 6. b) About a third of the food produced is wasted. · 7. b) Shouldn't we solve that first? · 8. b) not one single solution, but several · 9. a) It is believed that climate change will reduce harvests. · 10. a) The EU applies the precautionary principle.