Fiche à imprimer : Editing life : CRISPR et la bioéthique (Tle)

Anglais	Français
gene editing	l'édition génétique
DNA	l'ADN
to cure a genetic disease	guérir une maladie génétique
designer babies	les bébés « sur mesure »
bioethics	la bioéthique
He shouldn't have edited the embryos.	Il n'aurait pas dû modifier les embryons.

CRISPR-Cas9 est un outil qui permet de couper et modifier l'ADN avec précision, comme des « ciseaux génétiques ». Emmanuelle Charpentier et Jennifer Doudna ont reçu le prix Nobel de chimie 2020 pour l'avoir développé. En 2023, le Royaume-Uni a été le premier pays à autoriser une thérapie fondée sur CRISPR contre la drépanocytose. Mais en 2018, un chercheur chinois a modifié des embryons humains, provoquant un scandale mondial et une peine de prison. Pour juger le passé : should have / shouldn't have / could have + participe passé.

Mise en situation : le cours de SVT en anglais

Teacher : CRISPR can cut DNA like scissors. What could it be used for?

CRISPR peut couper l'ADN comme des ciseaux. À quoi pourrait-il servir ?

Ines : To cure genetic diseases. In 2023, a CRISPR treatment for sickle cell disease was approved in the UK.

À guérir des maladies génétiques. En 2023, un traitement CRISPR contre la drépanocytose a été autorisé au Royaume-Uni.

Teacher : And what happened in China in 2018?

Et que s'est-il passé en Chine en 2018 ?

Leo : A scientist edited the genes of twin embryos. He shouldn't have done it. Nobody knew the long-term effects.

Un scientifique a modifié les gènes d'embryons de jumelles. Il n'aurait pas dû le faire. Personne ne connaissait les effets à long terme.

Ines : He could have waited for international rules. Now people fear designer babies.

Il aurait pu attendre des règles internationales. Maintenant, les gens craignent les bébés sur mesure.

Teacher : So where should we draw the line between healing and enhancing?

Alors où faut-il tracer la limite entre soigner et améliorer ?

À retenir

DNA, a gene, an embryo, gene editing, a genetic disease, a treatment, designer babies, bioethics, long-term effects.
should have / shouldn't have / could have + participe passé ; draw the line ; was approved (passif).

Exercice 1 : CRISPR et la bioéthique : exercice 1 (QCM)

« l'ADN »
1. DNA
2. AND
3. NDA
« l'édition génétique »
1. genes edition
2. gene editor of
3. gene editing
Prix Nobel de chimie pour CRISPR :
1. 2020
2. 2000
3. 1990
« Il n'aurait pas dû le faire. »
1. He shouldn't have did it.
2. He shouldn't have done it.
3. He shouldn't do it yesterday.
« Il aurait pu attendre. »
1. He could have waited.
2. He could waited.
3. He can have waited.
« la drépanocytose »
1. sick cell disease
2. circle cell disease
3. sickle cell disease
Premier pays à autoriser une thérapie CRISPR (2023) :
1. le Brésil
2. la France
3. le Royaume-Uni
« les bébés sur mesure »
1. design baby of
2. designed babys
3. designer babies
« tracer la limite »
1. to drawn the line
2. to draw the lane
3. to draw the line
« les effets à long terme »
1. long-time affects
2. long-term effects
3. long-terms effect

Exercice 2 : CRISPR et la bioéthique : exercice 2 (à compléter)

He shouldn't .......................... edited the embryos.
He could have .......................... for international rules. (wait)
CRISPR can cut DNA like .......................... .
A treatment was .......................... in the UK in 2023.
Nobody knew the long-term .......................... .
Where should we draw the .......................... ?
to cure genetic ..........................
People fear designer .......................... .
They should have .......................... for permission. (ask)
between healing and ..........................

Exercice 3 : CRISPR et la bioéthique : mise en situation

À quoi pourrait-il servir ?
1. What could it be use for?
2. For what could it used?
3. What could it be used for?
Un traitement a été autorisé en 2023.
1. In 2023, a CRISPR treatment has been approved in the UK.
2. In 2023, a CRISPR treatment was approved in the UK.
3. In 2023, a CRISPR treatment approved in the UK.
Que s'est-il passé en Chine ?
1. What happened in China in 2018?
2. What has happened in China in 2018?
3. What did happen in China in 2018 of?
Il n'aurait pas dû le faire.
1. He hasn't should do it.
2. He shouldn't have did it.
3. He shouldn't have done it.
Personne ne connaissait les effets à long terme.
1. Nobody knew the long-term affects.
2. Nobody knew the long-term effects.
3. Nobody knowed the long-term effects.
Il aurait pu attendre.
1. He could have waited for international rules.
2. He could waited for international rules.
3. He can have waited for international rules.
Les gens craignent les bébés sur mesure.
1. People fear designer babies.
2. People fear designed babys.
3. People fears designer babies.
Où tracer la limite ?
1. Where should we drawn the line?
2. Where we should draw the line?
3. Where should we draw the line?
Les scientifiques auraient dû consulter le public.
1. Scientists should consulted the public.
2. Scientists should have consulted the public.
3. Scientists should have consult the public.
Soigner, oui ; améliorer, c'est plus discutable.
1. Healing, yes; enhancing is most debatable.
2. Healing, yes; enhancing is more debatable.
3. Heal, yes; enhance is more debating.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. a) DNA · 2. c) gene editing · 3. a) 2020 · 4. b) He shouldn't have done it. · 5. a) He could have waited. · 6. c) sickle cell disease · 7. c) le Royaume-Uni · 8. c) designer babies · 9. c) to draw the line · 10. b) long-term effects

Exercice 2

1. have · 2. waited · 3. scissors · 4. approved · 5. effects · 6. line · 7. diseases · 8. babies · 9. asked · 10. enhancing

Exercice 3

1. c) What could it be used for? · 2. b) In 2023, a CRISPR treatment was approved in the UK. · 3. a) What happened in China in 2018? · 4. c) He shouldn't have done it. · 5. b) Nobody knew the long-term effects. · 6. a) He could have waited for international rules. · 7. a) People fear designer babies. · 8. c) Where should we draw the line? · 9. b) Scientists should have consulted the public. · 10. b) Healing, yes; enhancing is more debatable.