Fiche à imprimer : Children in the mills : la révolution industrielle (4e)

Anglais	Français
the Industrial Revolution	la révolution industrielle
a cotton mill / a factory	une filature de coton / une usine
Children used to work 12 hours a day.	Les enfants travaillaient 12 heures par jour.
a chimney sweep	un ramoneur
They weren't allowed to go to school.	Ils n'avaient pas le droit d'aller à l'école.
The Factory Act (1833)	la loi sur les usines de 1833

À partir de la fin du XVIIIᵉ siècle, la Grande-Bretagne invente les machines à vapeur et les grandes usines. Dans les filatures de coton, des enfants de 6 ou 7 ans travaillent jusqu'à 12 ou 14 heures par jour, souvent dans le danger. En 1833, une loi (the Factory Act) interdit le travail des enfants de moins de 9 ans dans les filatures textiles et limite les heures des plus grands. Pour parler d'habitudes passées : used to ; d'obligations : had to ; d'interdictions : weren't allowed to.

Mise en situation : le musée de la filature

Guide : In 1830, about a third of the workers in this mill were children.

En 1830, environ un tiers des ouvriers de cette filature étaient des enfants.

Léa : How long did they use to work?

Combien de temps travaillaient-ils ?

Guide : Up to fourteen hours a day, six days a week. They had to crawl under the machines to clean them.

Jusqu'à quatorze heures par jour, six jours par semaine. Ils devaient ramper sous les machines pour les nettoyer.

Max : That's terrible! Did they go to school?

C'est horrible ! Est-ce qu'ils allaient à l'école ?

Guide : Most of them didn't. Their families needed the money.

La plupart n'y allaient pas. Leur famille avait besoin de l'argent.

Léa : I'm glad things changed. Today, children in Britain must stay in education until eighteen.

Je suis contente que les choses aient changé. Aujourd'hui, au Royaume-Uni, les jeunes doivent rester en formation jusqu'à dix-huit ans.

À retenir

a factory, a mill, a machine, a chimney sweep, a shift, wages, steam power.
used to + verbe ; had to + verbe ; weren't allowed to + verbe ; How long...?

Exercice 1 : La révolution industrielle : exercice 1 (QCM)

« une filature de coton »
1. a cotton meal
2. a cotton milk
3. a cotton mill
« un ramoneur »
1. a chimney sweep
2. a chimney sweet
3. a sweeping chimney
« Ils travaillaient 12 heures. » (habitude)
1. They used to working 12 hours.
2. They use to work 12 hours.
3. They used to work 12 hours.
« Ils devaient ramper sous les machines. »
1. They must crawled under the machines.
2. They had crawl under the machines.
3. They had to crawl under the machines.
« Ils n'avaient pas le droit de... »
1. They weren't allow to...
2. They weren't allowed to...
3. They didn't allowed to...
Le Factory Act date de...
1. 1733
2. 1933
3. 1833
« le salaire » (ouvrier)
1. wages
2. ages
3. wagons
« la machine à vapeur »
1. the steam engine
2. the steam engineer
3. the stream engine
Le Factory Act a interdit le travail dans les filatures avant...
1. 16 ans
2. 9 ans
3. 3 ans
« la plupart d'entre eux »
1. most them
2. most of them
3. the most of them

Exercice 2 : La révolution industrielle : exercice 2 (à compléter)

Children .......................... to work 12 hours a day.
They .......................... to crawl under the machines.
They weren't .......................... to go to school.
How long did they .......................... to work?
a cotton .......................... (filature)
a chimney .......................... (ramoneur)
.......................... of them didn't go to school.
Their families needed the .......................... .
The Factory .......................... was passed in 1833.
They worked six days a .......................... .

Exercice 3 : La révolution industrielle : mise en situation

Un tiers des ouvriers étaient des enfants.
1. About a third of the workers were children.
2. About a third of the workers was children.
3. About a three of the workers were childs.
Léa demande combien de temps ils travaillaient.
1. How long did they use to work?
2. How long they used to work?
3. How long did they used to work?
Jusqu'à quatorze heures par jour.
1. Up to forty hours a day.
2. Up to fourteen hour by day.
3. Up to fourteen hours a day.
Ils devaient ramper sous les machines.
1. They had to crawl under the machines.
2. They had to crawled under the machines.
3. They must crawled under the machines.
Max demande s'ils allaient à l'école.
1. They went to school?
2. Did they go to school?
3. Did they went to school?
La plupart n'y allaient pas.
1. The most of them didn't.
2. Most them didn't.
3. Most of them didn't.
Leur famille avait besoin d'argent.
1. Their families needed the money.
2. Their families needs the money.
3. There families needed the money.
Ils n'avaient pas le droit de jouer.
1. They weren't allowed to play.
2. They weren't allow to play.
3. They didn't allowed to play.
Les choses ont changé.
1. Things has changed of.
2. Things changed.
3. Thing changed.
Les jeunes doivent rester en formation jusqu'à 18 ans.
1. Children must to stay in education until eighteen.
2. Children must stay in education since eighteen.
3. Children must stay in education until eighteen.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. c) a cotton mill · 2. a) a chimney sweep · 3. c) They used to work 12 hours. · 4. c) They had to crawl under the machines. · 5. b) They weren't allowed to... · 6. c) 1833 · 7. a) wages · 8. a) the steam engine · 9. b) 9 ans · 10. b) most of them

Exercice 2

1. used · 2. had · 3. allowed · 4. use · 5. mill · 6. sweep · 7. Most · 8. money · 9. Act · 10. week

Exercice 3

1. a) About a third of the workers were children. · 2. a) How long did they use to work? · 3. c) Up to fourteen hours a day. · 4. a) They had to crawl under the machines. · 5. b) Did they go to school? · 6. c) Most of them didn't. · 7. a) Their families needed the money. · 8. a) They weren't allowed to play. · 9. b) Things changed. · 10. c) Children must stay in education until eighteen.