Fiche à imprimer : Who writes the laws? Le lobbying (Tle)

Anglais	Français
a lobbyist	un(e) lobbyiste
to influence lawmakers	influencer les législateurs
interest groups	les groupes d'intérêt
a transparency register	un registre de transparence
the revolving door	le pantouflage (aller-retour entre public et privé)
Not only do companies lobby, but NGOs do too.	Non seulement les entreprises font du lobbying, mais les ONG aussi.

Le lobbying consiste à défendre les intérêts d'un groupe auprès des décideurs politiques : entreprises, syndicats, associations écologistes ou de consommateurs. Il peut apporter une expertise utile, mais pose problème quand les moyens sont très inégaux ou que l'influence reste cachée. L'Union européenne tient un registre de transparence où les lobbyistes doivent s'inscrire. Grammaire de niveau avancé : l'inversion après certains adverbes négatifs ou restrictifs placés en tête, Not only does... / Never have... / Rarely is...

Mise en situation : le séminaire

Lecturer : In Brussels, thousands of organisations are registered as lobbyists. Who are they?

À Bruxelles, des milliers d'organisations sont enregistrées comme lobbyistes. Qui sont-elles ?

Clara : Not only do big companies lobby, but NGOs and trade unions do too.

Non seulement les grandes entreprises font du lobbying, mais les ONG et les syndicats aussi.

Lecturer : Exactly. So is lobbying a threat to democracy?

Exactement. Alors le lobbying est-il une menace pour la démocratie ?

Adam : It can be. Rarely do small associations have the same budget as huge industries.

Ça peut l'être. Rarement les petites associations ont-elles le même budget que les grandes industries.

Clara : And there's the revolving door: some politicians become lobbyists as soon as they leave office.

Et il y a le pantouflage : certains responsables politiques deviennent lobbyistes dès qu'ils quittent leurs fonctions.

Lecturer : So transparency is key. Citizens should know who has met whom, and why.

Donc la transparence est essentielle. Les citoyens devraient savoir qui a rencontré qui, et pourquoi.

À retenir

a lobbyist, an interest group, an NGO, a trade union, lawmakers, transparency, a conflict of interest, the revolving door.
Inversion : Not only do... but... too ; Rarely do... ; Never has... ; as soon as ; who has met whom.

Exercice 1 : Le lobbying : exercice 1 (QCM)

« un lobbyiste »
1. a lobbyer
2. a lobby man of
3. a lobbyist
« les législateurs »
1. lawyers
2. lawmakers
3. law making
« un syndicat »
1. a trade union
2. a trade unit
3. a syndicate
Not only ___ companies lobby, but NGOs do too.
1. are
2. does
3. do
Rarely ___ small groups have big budgets.
1. have
2. do
3. are
Never ___ I seen such a scandal.
1. did
2. am
3. have
« un conflit d'intérêts »
1. a conflict of interest
2. an interest of conflict
3. a conflict of interesting
« le pantouflage »
1. the revolving door
2. the rotating door of
3. the slipper door
« dès qu'ils quittent leurs fonctions »
1. as soon as they leave office
2. as soon as they will leave office
3. since they leave the office
« une ONG »
1. an NGO
2. a GNO
3. an ONG

Exercice 2 : Le lobbying : exercice 2 (à compléter)

Not only .......................... big companies lobby, but NGOs do too.
.......................... do small associations have the same budget. (rarement)
Never .......................... lobbyists been so powerful.
Thousands of organisations are .......................... as lobbyists.
Is lobbying a threat to .......................... ?
the revolving ..........................
as soon as they leave ..........................
Transparency is .......................... .
Citizens should know who has met .......................... .
a conflict of ..........................

Exercice 3 : Le lobbying : mise en situation

Des milliers d'organisations sont enregistrées.
1. Thousands of organisations are registered as lobbyists.
2. Thousands of organisations registered are as lobbyists.
3. Thousand of organisations are registered as lobbyists.
Non seulement les entreprises, mais les ONG aussi.
1. Not only big companies do lobby, but NGOs do too.
2. Not only does big companies lobby, but NGOs too.
3. Not only do big companies lobby, but NGOs do too.
Le lobbying est-il une menace ?
1. Lobbying is a threat to democracy?
2. Is lobbying a threat for the democracy of?
3. Is lobbying a threat to democracy?
Rarement les petites associations ont-elles le même budget.
1. Rarely small associations have the same budget do.
2. Rarely does small associations have the same budget.
3. Rarely do small associations have the same budget.
Certains politiques deviennent lobbyistes dès qu'ils partent.
1. Some politicians become lobbyists as soon as they will leave office.
2. Some politicians become lobbyists as soon as they leave office.
3. Some politicians becomes lobbyists as soon as they leave office.
La transparence est essentielle.
1. Transparency is key.
2. Transparent is key.
3. Transparency is a key of.
Qui a rencontré qui, et pourquoi.
1. who has met who's, and why
2. whom has met who, and why
3. who has met whom, and why
Jamais les lobbyistes n'ont été aussi puissants.
1. Never have lobbyists been so powerful.
2. Never lobbyists have been so powerful.
3. Never has lobbyists been so powerful.
Le lobbying peut apporter une expertise utile.
1. Lobbying can provide useful expertises of.
2. Lobbying can provide useful expertise.
3. Lobbying can provides useful expertise.
Il faut des règles plus strictes.
1. More strict rules are needed.
2. Stricter rules are needed.
3. Stricter rules are need.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. c) a lobbyist · 2. b) lawmakers · 3. a) a trade union · 4. c) do · 5. b) do · 6. c) have · 7. a) a conflict of interest · 8. a) the revolving door · 9. a) as soon as they leave office · 10. a) an NGO

Exercice 2

1. do · 2. Rarely · 3. have · 4. registered · 5. democracy · 6. door · 7. office · 8. key · 9. whom · 10. interest

Exercice 3

1. a) Thousands of organisations are registered as lobbyists. · 2. c) Not only do big companies lobby, but NGOs do too. · 3. c) Is lobbying a threat to democracy? · 4. c) Rarely do small associations have the same budget. · 5. b) Some politicians become lobbyists as soon as they leave office. · 6. a) Transparency is key. · 7. c) who has met whom, and why · 8. a) Never have lobbyists been so powerful. · 9. b) Lobbying can provide useful expertise. · 10. b) Stricter rules are needed.