Comment traduire « il faut » en anglais ?
Fiche à imprimer : le cours, les trois exercices et le corrigé (sur une page à part). Revenir au cours en ligne
« Il faut » ne se traduit jamais mot à mot (it must). Tout dépend du sens.
| Sens | Anglais | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| obligation | have to / must | Il faut que je parte. → I have to go. / I must go. |
| besoin de quelque chose | need | Il faut du lait. → We need some milk. |
| durée nécessaire | it takes | Il faut deux heures. → It takes two hours. |
| interdiction (il ne faut pas) | mustn't | Il ne faut pas toucher. → You mustn't touch. |
| absence d'obligation | don't have to / needn't | Il n'est pas nécessaire de venir. → You don't have to come. |
Au passé et au futur
Must n'existe qu'au présent : on utilise have to pour les autres temps.
Combien de temps faut-il ?
Attention au piège : mustn't = interdit ; don't have to = pas obligé. Ce sont deux sens très différents !
Mise en situation : avant le départ
À retenir
- Obligation : have to / must ; passé : had to ; futur : will have to.
- Besoin : need. Durée : it takes (How long does it take?).
- Il ne faut pas : mustn't. Pas besoin : don't have to / needn't.
- Jamais « it must » pour « il faut ».
Exercice 1 : Traduire « il faut » : exercice 1 (QCM)
- « Il faut que je parte. »
- It's necessary I go.
- It must that I go.
- I have to go.
- « Il faut un passeport. »
- It needs a passport.
- It must a passport.
- You need a passport.
- « Il faut du lait. »
- It's need some milk.
- It needs milk.
- We need some milk.
- « Il faut deux heures pour y aller. »
- It must two hours to go there.
- It needs two hours to go there.
- It takes two hours to get there.
- « Il ne faut pas toucher. »
- You mustn't touch.
- It doesn't need to touch.
- You don't have to touch.
- « Il n'est pas nécessaire de venir. »
- You don't have to come.
- You mustn't come.
- It doesn't must come.
- « Il a fallu que je travaille hier. »
- I had to work yesterday.
- It was needed I work yesterday.
- I must worked yesterday.
- « Il faudra que tu révises. »
- You'll must revise.
- You'll have to revise.
- It will need you revise.
- « Combien de temps faut-il ? »
- How long does it need?
- How much time it must?
- How long does it take?
- « Il faut être patient. »
- It must be patient.
- It needs to be patient.
- You have to be patient.
Exercice 2 : Traduire « il faut » : exercice 2 (à compléter)
- I .......................... to go now. (il faut que je)
- We .......................... some bread. (il nous faut)
- It .......................... an hour to get to school. (il faut, durée)
- You .......................... smoke here. (il ne faut pas)
- You don't .......................... to come if you're busy. (pas obligé)
- Yesterday I .......................... to stay at home. (il a fallu)
- You'll .......................... to work harder. (il faudra)
- How long does it .......................... ? (faut-il)
- You .......................... a ticket to get in. (il faut)
- We .......................... hurry, or we'll miss the train! (il faut absolument)
Exercice 3 : Traduire « il faut » : mise en situation
- Tu dois partir, ta mère t'attend.
- Sorry, it must I go. My mum is waiting.
- Sorry, I have to go. My mum is waiting.
- Sorry, I must to go. My mum waits.
- Tu expliques qu'il faut un visa pour aller aux États-Unis.
- It must a visa to go to the USA.
- You need a visa to go to the USA.
- It needs a visa for go to USA.
- Tu dis qu'il faut 20 minutes pour aller à l'école.
- It must 20 minutes to go to school.
- It takes 20 minutes to get to school.
- It needs 20 minutes to go at school.
- Tu préviens ton petit frère : il ne faut pas toucher le feu.
- You don't have to touch the fire!
- You needn't touch the fire!
- You mustn't touch the fire!
- Tu rassures ton ami : il n'est pas obligé de venir.
- You haven't to coming.
- You mustn't come.
- You don't have to come.
- Tu demandes combien de temps il faut pour aller à Londres.
- How long it takes to go London?
- How much time does it need for London?
- How long does it take to get to London?
- Tu dis qu'il faut acheter du pain.
- It must buy bread.
- It needs to buy bread.
- We need to buy some bread.
- Tu racontes que tu as dû attendre une heure.
- I have had wait an hour.
- I had to wait for an hour.
- I must waited for an hour.
- Tu dis qu'il faudra réviser pour l'examen.
- It will need revise for the exam.
- We'll must revise for the exam.
- We'll have to revise for the exam.
- Tu demandes s'il faut apporter quelque chose à la fête.
- Do I need to bring anything?
- Is it needed I bring anything?
- Must I to bring something?
Corrigé
Exercice 1
1. c) I have to go. · 2. c) You need a passport. · 3. c) We need some milk. · 4. c) It takes two hours to get there. · 5. a) You mustn't touch. · 6. a) You don't have to come. · 7. a) I had to work yesterday. · 8. b) You'll have to revise. · 9. c) How long does it take? · 10. c) You have to be patient.
Exercice 2
1. have · 2. need · 3. takes · 4. mustn't · 5. have · 6. had · 7. have · 8. take · 9. need · 10. must
Exercice 3
1. b) Sorry, I have to go. My mum is waiting. · 2. b) You need a visa to go to the USA. · 3. b) It takes 20 minutes to get to school. · 4. c) You mustn't touch the fire! · 5. c) You don't have to come. · 6. c) How long does it take to get to London? · 7. c) We need to buy some bread. · 8. b) I had to wait for an hour. · 9. c) We'll have to revise for the exam. · 10. a) Do I need to bring anything?