Fiche à imprimer : Les phrasal verbs de l'argumentation : carry out, bring about, point out...

Les phrasal verbs ne sont pas réservés à l'anglais familier. Certains sont indispensables pour argumenter dans un essay ou un débat.

Phrasal verb	Sens	Exemple
carry out	réaliser, mener (une étude, une expérience)	Scientists carried out a study.
bring about	provoquer, entraîner	Technology has brought about huge changes.
point out	faire remarquer, souligner	The author points out that...
put forward	avancer, proposer (une idée)	She put forward an interesting argument.
come up with	trouver, imaginer (une solution)	We must come up with a solution.
deal with	traiter de, s'occuper de	This article deals with pollution.
account for	expliquer, représenter (une proportion)	Cars account for 30% of emissions.
back up	étayer, soutenir	Back up your ideas with examples.
rule out	exclure (une possibilité)	We can't rule out this hypothesis.
sum up	résumer	To sum up, ...

Pour analyser un document

The document deals with climate change. The journalist points out that young people are worried.

Le document traite du changement climatique. Le journaliste souligne que les jeunes sont inquiets.

Rappel : comme tous les phrasal verbs, ils se conjuguent normalement : carried out, brought about, came up with.

Mise en situation : préparer l'oral

Sophie : What does this document deal with?

De quoi traite ce document ?

Lucas : It deals with plastic pollution. The author points out that oceans are full of plastic.

Il traite de la pollution plastique. L'auteur souligne que les océans sont pleins de plastique.

Sophie : Does he back up his ideas?

Est-ce qu'il étaye ses idées ?

Lucas : Yes, with a study carried out in 2020. He also puts forward some solutions.

Oui, avec une étude menée en 2020. Il propose aussi des solutions.

À retenir

deal with (traiter de), point out (souligner), put forward (avancer).
carry out (mener), bring about (entraîner), come up with (trouver).
account for (représenter), back up (étayer), rule out (exclure), sum up (résumer).

Exercice 1 : Les phrasal verbs de l'argumentation : exercice 1 (QCM)

« Ce document traite de l'immigration. »
1. This document deals with immigration.
2. This document treats of immigration.
3. This document deals about immigration.
« mener une étude »
1. to bring out a study
2. to carry out a study
3. to carry on a study of
« L'auteur souligne que... »
1. The author points at that...
2. The author underlines out that...
3. The author points out that...
« avancer un argument »
1. to put forward an argument
2. to advance out an argument
3. to put on an argument
« trouver une solution »
1. to come up to a solution
2. to find out with a solution
3. to come up with a solution
« entraîner des changements »
1. to carry about changes
2. to bring on changes of
3. to bring about changes
« Les voitures représentent 30 % des émissions. »
1. Cars account for 30% of emissions.
2. Cars account of 30% of emissions.
3. Cars count for 30% of emissions.
« étayer ses idées »
1. to support out your ideas
2. to back on your ideas
3. to back up your ideas
« exclure une possibilité »
1. to put out a possibility of
2. to rule out a possibility
3. to rule off a possibility
« résumer »
1. to resume up
2. to sum up
3. to sum on

Exercice 2 : Les phrasal verbs de l'argumentation : exercice 2 (à compléter)

This article deals .......................... social media.
The researchers carried .......................... a survey. (ont mené)
The writer points .......................... that teenagers sleep less. (souligne)
She put .......................... a new theory. (a avancé)
We need to come up .......................... new ideas. (trouver)
The Internet has brought .......................... a revolution. (a entraîné)
Transport accounts .......................... a quarter of emissions. (représente)
Back .......................... your arguments with figures. (étaye)
The police haven't ruled .......................... an accident. (exclu)
To sum .......................... , the document shows that... (résumer)

Exercice 3 : Les phrasal verbs de l'argumentation : mise en situation

À l'oral du bac, tu présentes le thème du document.
1. This document treats about climate change.
2. This document deals with climate change.
3. This document speaks of climate change of.
Tu dis que le journaliste souligne un problème.
1. The journalist points at a problem of.
2. The journalist points out a problem.
3. The journalist underlines up a problem.
Tu cites une étude menée en 2023.
1. A study made out in 2023 show that...
2. A study carried on in 2023 shows that...
3. A study carried out in 2023 shows that...
Tu dis que l'auteur avance une idée originale.
1. The author puts forward an original idea.
2. The author puts on an original idea.
3. The author advances out an idea.
Tu dis qu'il faut trouver des solutions.
1. We must find up with solutions.
2. We must come up with solutions.
3. We must come up solutions.
Tu expliques que les réseaux sociaux ont entraîné de grands changements.
1. Social media have brought about great changes.
2. Social media have brought on great changes of.
3. Social media have carried about changes.
Tu dis que l'avion représente une part des émissions.
1. Planes account for part of the emissions.
2. Planes account of a part of emissions.
3. Planes count for part of the emissions.
Tu conseilles d'étayer ses idées avec des exemples.
1. Back up your ideas with examples.
2. Support out your ideas with examples.
3. Back on your ideas with examples.
Tu dis qu'on ne peut pas exclure cette hypothèse.
1. We can't rule off this hypothesis.
2. We can't rule out this hypothesis.
3. We can't put out this hypothesis.
Tu conclus ta présentation.
1. To sum up, the document shows that...
2. To sum on, the document shows...
3. To resume, the document shows that...

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. a) This document deals with immigration. · 2. b) to carry out a study · 3. c) The author points out that... · 4. a) to put forward an argument · 5. c) to come up with a solution · 6. c) to bring about changes · 7. a) Cars account for 30% of emissions. · 8. c) to back up your ideas · 9. b) to rule out a possibility · 10. b) to sum up

Exercice 2

1. with · 2. out · 3. out · 4. forward · 5. with · 6. about · 7. for · 8. up · 9. out · 10. up

Exercice 3

1. b) This document deals with climate change. · 2. b) The journalist points out a problem. · 3. c) A study carried out in 2023 shows that... · 4. a) The author puts forward an original idea. · 5. b) We must come up with solutions. · 6. a) Social media have brought about great changes. · 7. a) Planes account for part of the emissions. · 8. a) Back up your ideas with examples. · 9. b) We can't rule out this hypothesis. · 10. a) To sum up, the document shows that...