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Partition, 1947 : l'indépendance de l'Inde (1re)

Fiche à imprimer : le cours, les trois exercices et le corrigé (sur une page à part). Revenir au cours en ligne

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the British Rajl'Inde sous domination britannique
India gained independence in August 1947.L'Inde a obtenu son indépendance en août 1947.
The country was divided into India and Pakistan.Le pays a été divisé entre l'Inde et le Pakistan.
The border was drawn in just five weeks.La frontière a été tracée en seulement cinq semaines.
Millions of people were displaced.Des millions de personnes ont été déplacées.
Partition still shapes the region today.La partition marque encore la région aujourd'hui.

En août 1947, après des décennies de lutte, notamment non violente avec Gandhi, l'Inde britannique devient indépendante. Mais elle est partagée entre l'Inde, à majorité hindoue, et le Pakistan, à majorité musulmane (dont la partie orientale deviendra le Bangladesh en 1971). La frontière est tracée en quelques semaines par un juriste britannique qui n'était jamais allé en Inde. Entre 10 et 20 millions de personnes doivent fuir, et les violences font des centaines de milliers de morts, peut-être bien plus. Au Royaume-Uni, de nombreuses familles d'origine indienne et pakistanaise portent cette mémoire.

Mise en situation : le témoignage familial

Ayaan : My great-grandmother was ten in 1947. She lived in Lahore, which became part of Pakistan.
Mon arrière-grand-mère avait dix ans en 1947. Elle vivait à Lahore, qui est devenue une partie du Pakistan.
Teacher : What happened to her family?
Qu'est-il arrivé à sa famille ?
Ayaan : They were Hindu, so they had to leave their home and travel to India. They had lived there for generations.
Ils étaient hindous, donc ils ont dû quitter leur maison et partir en Inde. Ils vivaient là depuis des générations.
Ella : How was the border decided?
Comment la frontière a-t-elle été décidée ?
Teacher : It was drawn by a British lawyer in just five weeks. He had never been to India before.
Elle a été tracée par un juriste britannique en seulement cinq semaines. Il n'était jamais allé en Inde auparavant.
Ayaan : My great-grandmother never saw her childhood home again. Partition is still a painful memory for many families.
Mon arrière-grand-mère n'a jamais revu la maison de son enfance. La partition reste un souvenir douloureux pour de nombreuses familles.

À retenir

  • the Raj, independence, Partition, a border, a refugee, a lawyer, violence, a generation, memory.
  • Passif : was divided, was drawn, were displaced ; Past perfect : had lived, had never been ; had to leave.

Exercice 1 : L'indépendance de l'Inde : exercice 1 (QCM)

  1. L'Inde est devenue indépendante en...
    1. 1857
    2. 1971
    3. 1947
  2. Elle a été divisée entre l'Inde et...
    1. le Népal
    2. le Pakistan
    3. la Chine
  3. « le Raj britannique »
    1. the British Ray
    2. the British Rage
    3. the British Raj
  4. La frontière a été tracée en...
    1. cinq semaines
    2. cinq ans
    3. cinq jours
  5. « Des millions de personnes ont été déplacées. »
    1. Millions of people was displaced.
    2. Millions of people were displaced.
    3. Million of people were displace.
  6. « Il n'était jamais allé en Inde. »
    1. He had never went to India.
    2. He has never been to India yesterday.
    3. He had never been to India.
  7. Le Bangladesh est devenu indépendant en...
    1. 1990
    2. 1971
    3. 1947
  8. Grande figure de la lutte non violente :
    1. Lincoln
    2. Churchill
    3. Gandhi
  9. « un souvenir douloureux »
    1. a painting memory
    2. a painful memorial
    3. a painful memory
  10. « Ils vivaient là depuis des générations. »
    1. They have lived there for generations yesterday.
    2. They had lived there for generations.
    3. They had lived there since generations.

Exercice 2 : L'indépendance de l'Inde : exercice 2 (à compléter)

  1. India gained .......................... in 1947.
  2. The country was .......................... into India and Pakistan.
  3. The border was .......................... in just five weeks. (draw)
  4. He had never .......................... to India.
  5. They had to .......................... their home.
  6. They had .......................... there for generations.
  7. Millions of people were .......................... .
  8. She never saw her childhood .......................... again.
  9. Partition is still a painful .......................... .
  10. the British ..........................

Exercice 3 : L'indépendance de l'Inde : mise en situation

  1. Elle avait dix ans en 1947.
    1. She was ten years in 1947.
    2. She had ten in 1947.
    3. She was ten in 1947.
  2. Qu'est-il arrivé à sa famille ?
    1. What happened to her family?
    2. What did happen to her family?
    3. What happened at her family?
  3. Ils ont dû quitter leur maison.
    1. They had to leave their home.
    2. They must left their home.
    3. They had leave their home.
  4. Ils vivaient là depuis des générations.
    1. They had live there for generations.
    2. They lived there since generations.
    3. They had lived there for generations.
  5. Comment la frontière a-t-elle été décidée ?
    1. How the border was decided?
    2. How was the border decided?
    3. How was the border decide?
  6. Elle a été tracée en cinq semaines.
    1. It drawn in five weeks.
    2. It was drawn in five weeks.
    3. It was drew in five weeks.
  7. Il n'était jamais allé en Inde.
    1. He never had been in India.
    2. He had never been to India.
    3. He had never gone at India.
  8. Elle n'a jamais revu la maison de son enfance.
    1. She didn't never see her childhood home.
    2. She never seen her childhood home again.
    3. She never saw her childhood home again.
  9. C'est un souvenir douloureux.
    1. It's a painful memory.
    2. It a painful memory.
    3. It's a painted memory.
  10. La partition marque encore la région.
    1. Partition shapes still the region of.
    2. Partition still shape the region.
    3. Partition still shapes the region.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. c) 1947 · 2. b) le Pakistan · 3. c) the British Raj · 4. a) cinq semaines · 5. b) Millions of people were displaced. · 6. c) He had never been to India. · 7. b) 1971 · 8. c) Gandhi · 9. c) a painful memory · 10. b) They had lived there for generations.

Exercice 2

1. independence · 2. divided · 3. drawn · 4. been · 5. leave · 6. lived · 7. displaced · 8. home · 9. memory · 10. Raj

Exercice 3

1. c) She was ten in 1947. · 2. a) What happened to her family? · 3. a) They had to leave their home. · 4. c) They had lived there for generations. · 5. b) How was the border decided? · 6. b) It was drawn in five weeks. · 7. b) He had never been to India. · 8. c) She never saw her childhood home again. · 9. a) It's a painful memory. · 10. c) Partition still shapes the region.