Fiche à imprimer : La justice en anglais : tribunal, procès et jury

Au tribunal

Anglais	Français
a court / a courtroom	un tribunal / une salle d'audience
the judge	le juge
the jury / a juror	le jury / un juré
a lawyer / a barrister (UK) / an attorney (US)	un avocat
the defendant / the accused	l'accusé, le prévenu
the victim / a witness	la victime / un témoin
a trial / to be on trial	un procès / être jugé
evidence (indénombrable) / a proof	les preuves / une preuve

Attention : evidence est indénombrable. On dit there is no evidence ou a piece of evidence.

Le verdict et la peine

Anglais	Français
to find someone guilty / not guilty	déclarer quelqu'un coupable / non coupable
to be acquitted	être acquitté
a sentence / to sentence someone to	une peine / condamner quelqu'un à
a fine / to be fined	une amende / recevoir une amende
prison / jail / to be sent to prison	la prison / être envoyé en prison
community service	les travaux d'intérêt général
to appeal	faire appel

Les crimes

a crime / a criminal (un crime, un délit / un criminel), theft / a thief (le vol / un voleur), burglary / a burglar (le cambriolage / un cambrioleur), fraud (la fraude), murder (le meurtre).

Dans les pays anglo-saxons, l'accusé est présumé innocent jusqu'à preuve du contraire (innocent until proven guilty), et le jury décide souvent de la culpabilité, le juge fixant ensuite la peine.

Mise en situation : au sortir d'un procès

Kate : So, what was the verdict?

Alors, quel a été le verdict ?

Hugo : The jury found him not guilty. There wasn't enough evidence.

Le jury l'a déclaré non coupable. Il n'y avait pas assez de preuves.

Kate : But the witness said she saw him!

Mais le témoin a dit qu'elle l'avait vu !

Hugo : The lawyer showed she was too far away. Remember: innocent until proven guilty. The victim's family is going to appeal.

L'avocat a montré qu'elle était trop loin. N'oublie pas : innocent jusqu'à preuve du contraire. La famille de la victime va faire appel.

À retenir

court, judge, jury, lawyer, defendant, victim, witness, trial.
evidence (indénombrable) ; guilty / not guilty ; to be acquitted.
a sentence, a fine, prison, community service, to appeal.
innocent until proven guilty.

Exercice 1 : La justice : exercice 1 (QCM)

« un procès »
1. a trial
2. a court case of
3. a process
« un témoin »
1. a witness
2. a temoin
3. a watcher of
« coupable »
1. culpable of
2. guilted
3. guilty
« les preuves »
1. evidences of
2. evidence
3. proves
There ___ no evidence against him.
1. were being
2. is
3. are
« une amende »
1. an amend
2. a fine
3. a penalty fee of
« faire appel »
1. to call again
2. to appeal
3. to make appeal of
« être acquitté »
1. to be quitted
2. to be acquired
3. to be acquitted
« un cambrioleur »
1. a burgler of
2. a burglar
3. a breaker
« innocent jusqu'à preuve du contraire »
1. innocent before proved guilty
2. innocent until the contrary proof
3. innocent until proven guilty

Exercice 2 : La justice : exercice 2 (à compléter)

The .......................... found him guilty. (jury)
She was a .......................... to the accident. (témoin)
He was found not .......................... . (coupable)
There isn't enough .......................... . (preuves)
He was .......................... to two years in prison. (condamné)
She had to pay a .......................... . (amende)
The .......................... listened to both sides. (juge)
His .......................... defended him well. (avocat)
They are going to .......................... . (faire appel)
The .......................... lasted three weeks. (procès)

Exercice 3 : La justice : mise en situation

Tu demandes quel a été le verdict.
1. What has been the verdict?
2. What was the verdict?
3. Which was the verdict of?
Tu dis que le jury l'a déclaré coupable.
1. The jury found him guilty.
2. The jury found him of guilty.
3. The jury declared him culpable.
Tu dis qu'il n'y avait pas assez de preuves.
1. There weren't enough evidences.
2. There wasn't enough evidence.
3. There wasn't enough proves.
Tu dis qu'il a été condamné à un an de prison.
1. He was sentenced of one year prison.
2. He was condemned at one year of prison.
3. He was sentenced to one year in prison.
Tu racontes que ton voisin a reçu une amende.
1. My neighbour was fined.
2. My neighbour received an amend.
3. My neighbour was amended.
Tu dis que la famille va faire appel.
1. The family is going to call again.
2. The family goes to make appeal.
3. The family is going to appeal.
Tu rappelles le principe de présomption d'innocence.
1. Innocent until proven guilty.
2. Innocent until the contrary.
3. Innocent before guilty proof.
Tu dis que tu as été témoin d'un vol.
1. I witnessed a theft.
2. I was temoin of a theft.
3. I watched a thief of.
Tu dis qu'il a été acquitté.
1. He was acquired.
2. He was acquitted.
3. He was quitted.
Tu dis que le procès commence lundi.
1. The process starts on Monday.
2. The trial starts on Monday.
3. The trial starts the Monday.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. a) a trial · 2. a) a witness · 3. c) guilty · 4. b) evidence · 5. b) is · 6. b) a fine · 7. b) to appeal · 8. c) to be acquitted · 9. b) a burglar · 10. c) innocent until proven guilty

Exercice 2

1. jury · 2. witness · 3. guilty · 4. evidence · 5. sentenced · 6. fine · 7. judge · 8. lawyer · 9. appeal · 10. trial

Exercice 3

1. b) What was the verdict? · 2. a) The jury found him guilty. · 3. b) There wasn't enough evidence. · 4. c) He was sentenced to one year in prison. · 5. a) My neighbour was fined. · 6. c) The family is going to appeal. · 7. a) Innocent until proven guilty. · 8. a) I witnessed a theft. · 9. b) He was acquitted. · 10. b) The trial starts on Monday.