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Edward Jenner and the first vaccine : le premier vaccin (3e)

Fiche à imprimer : le cours, les trois exercices et le corrigé (sur une page à part). Revenir au cours en ligne

AnglaisFrançais
smallpoxla variole
cowpoxla vaccine (variole de la vache)
a milkmaidune trayeuse
He carried out an experiment.Il a mené une expérience.
The boy was immune.Le garçon était immunisé.
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980.La variole a été éradiquée en 1980.

Au XVIIIᵉ siècle, la variole tue des millions de personnes. Le médecin anglais Edward Jenner remarque que les trayeuses qui ont attrapé la vaccine, une maladie bénigne des vaches, n'attrapent pas la variole. En 1796, il inocule la vaccine à un garçon de 8 ans, James Phipps, puis l'expose à la variole : l'enfant ne tombe pas malade. Le mot « vaccin » vient du latin vacca, la vache ! La variole a été déclarée éradiquée en 1980. Le passif : The boy was infected... Smallpox was eradicated...

Mise en situation : le cours de SVT

Teacher : Why do we say that Edward Jenner invented the first vaccine?
Pourquoi dit-on qu'Edward Jenner a inventé le premier vaccin ?
Lina : He noticed that milkmaids who had caught cowpox never got smallpox.
Il a remarqué que les trayeuses qui avaient attrapé la vaccine n'attrapaient jamais la variole.
Teacher : Right. And what did he do in 1796?
Exact. Et qu'a-t-il fait en 1796 ?
Hugo : He took some material from a cowpox blister and put it into a small cut on a boy's arm.
Il a prélevé un peu de matière d'une pustule de vaccine et l'a introduite dans une petite coupure sur le bras d'un garçon.
Lina : Later, the boy was exposed to smallpox, but he didn't get ill. He was immune!
Plus tard, le garçon a été exposé à la variole, mais il n'est pas tombé malade. Il était immunisé !
Teacher : Exactly. Today, an experiment like that wouldn't be allowed, but it saved millions of lives.
Exactement. Aujourd'hui, une telle expérience ne serait pas autorisée, mais elle a sauvé des millions de vies.

À retenir

  • smallpox, cowpox, a milkmaid, a blister, an experiment, immune, a vaccine, a disease.
  • Passif : was exposed, was eradicated ; wouldn't be allowed (conditionnel) ; who had caught (past perfect).

Exercice 1 : Le premier vaccin : exercice 1 (QCM)

  1. « la variole »
    1. chickenpox
    2. smallpox
    3. small box
  2. « une trayeuse »
    1. a mermaid
    2. a milkman
    3. a milkmaid
  3. « immunisé »
    1. immense
    2. immature
    3. immune
  4. Jenner a fait son expérience en...
    1. 1896
    2. 1696
    3. 1796
  5. Le mot « vaccin » vient du latin vacca qui signifie...
    1. le vide
    2. la vague
    3. la vache
  6. La variole a été éradiquée en...
    1. 1880
    2. 2020
    3. 1980
  7. « La variole a été éradiquée. »
    1. Smallpox eradicated was.
    2. Smallpox was eradicate.
    3. Smallpox was eradicated.
  8. « mener une expérience »
    1. to make out an experiment
    2. to carry out an experiment
    3. to carry on an experience
  9. « Ce ne serait pas autorisé. »
    1. It won't be allowed yesterday.
    2. It wouldn't allowed.
    3. It wouldn't be allowed.
  10. « tomber malade »
    1. to get ill of
    2. to get ill
    3. to fall sick down

Exercice 2 : Le premier vaccin : exercice 2 (à compléter)

  1. He .......................... out an experiment.
  2. The boy was .......................... to smallpox. (expose)
  3. He was .......................... .
  4. Smallpox was .......................... in 1980. (eradicate)
  5. Milkmaids who had .......................... cowpox never got smallpox. (catch)
  6. He didn't get .......................... .
  7. An experiment like that .......................... be allowed today.
  8. It saved millions of .......................... .
  9. He .......................... something strange. (notice)
  10. The word vaccine comes from the Latin word for .......................... .

Exercice 3 : Le premier vaccin : mise en situation

  1. Pourquoi dit-on qu'il a inventé le vaccin ?
    1. Why we say that Edward Jenner invented the first vaccine?
    2. Why do we say that Edward Jenner invented the first vaccine?
    3. Why do we say that Edward Jenner invent the first vaccine?
  2. Les trayeuses qui avaient attrapé la vaccine.
    1. Milkmaids which had catched cowpox...
    2. Milkmaids who had caught cowpox...
    3. Milkmaids who has caught cowpox...
  3. Qu'a-t-il fait en 1796 ?
    1. What did he did in 1796?
    2. What he did in 1796?
    3. What did he do in 1796?
  4. Il l'a introduit dans une coupure.
    1. He put it into a small cut on a boy's arm.
    2. He put it into a small cat on a boy's arm.
    3. He putted it into a small cut on a boy's arm.
  5. Le garçon a été exposé à la variole.
    1. The boy exposed was to smallpox.
    2. The boy was expose to smallpox.
    3. The boy was exposed to smallpox.
  6. Il n'est pas tombé malade.
    1. He didn't got ill.
    2. He wasn't get ill.
    3. He didn't get ill.
  7. Il était immunisé.
    1. He was immune!
    2. He were immune!
    3. He was immense!
  8. Ce ne serait pas autorisé aujourd'hui.
    1. Today, an experiment like that won't be allow.
    2. Today, an experiment like that wouldn't be allowed.
    3. Today, an experience like that wouldn't allowed.
  9. Ça a sauvé des millions de vies.
    1. It saved million of lives.
    2. It saved millions of lives.
    3. It saved millions of lifes.
  10. Si on n'avait pas de vaccins, beaucoup de gens mourraient.
    1. If we don't have vaccines, many people would die.
    2. If we didn't have vaccines, many people would die.
    3. If we didn't have vaccines, many people will die.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. b) smallpox · 2. c) a milkmaid · 3. c) immune · 4. c) 1796 · 5. c) la vache · 6. c) 1980 · 7. c) Smallpox was eradicated. · 8. b) to carry out an experiment · 9. c) It wouldn't be allowed. · 10. b) to get ill

Exercice 2

1. carried · 2. exposed · 3. immune · 4. eradicated · 5. caught · 6. ill · 7. wouldn't · 8. lives · 9. noticed · 10. cow

Exercice 3

1. b) Why do we say that Edward Jenner invented the first vaccine? · 2. b) Milkmaids who had caught cowpox... · 3. c) What did he do in 1796? · 4. a) He put it into a small cut on a boy's arm. · 5. c) The boy was exposed to smallpox. · 6. c) He didn't get ill. · 7. a) He was immune! · 8. b) Today, an experiment like that wouldn't be allowed. · 9. b) It saved millions of lives. · 10. b) If we didn't have vaccines, many people would die.