Fiche à imprimer : Les 45 verbes irréguliers essentiels, classés pour les retenir

Un verbe irrégulier ne prend pas -ed au prétérit ni au participe passé. Plutôt que d'apprendre une longue liste dans l'ordre alphabétique, apprenez-les par groupes : c'est beaucoup plus facile.

Groupe 1 : les trois formes sont identiques

Base	Prétérit	Participe passé	Sens
cut	cut	cut	couper
put	put	put	mettre
let	let	let	laisser
hit	hit	hit	frapper
cost	cost	cost	coûter
shut	shut	shut	fermer
set	set	set	placer, régler

Groupe 2 : prétérit = participe passé

Base	Prétérit	Participe passé	Sens
buy	bought	bought	acheter
bring	brought	brought	apporter
think	thought	thought	penser
teach	taught	taught	enseigner
catch	caught	caught	attraper
find	found	found	trouver
have	had	had	avoir
make	made	made	faire, fabriquer
say	said	said	dire
tell	told	told	dire, raconter
sell	sold	sold	vendre
sleep	slept	slept	dormir
leave	left	left	partir, laisser
meet	met	met	rencontrer
feel	felt	felt	ressentir
keep	kept	kept	garder
send	sent	sent	envoyer
spend	spent	spent	dépenser, passer (du temps)
lose	lost	lost	perdre
pay	paid	paid	payer
hear	heard	heard	entendre
sit	sat	sat	s'asseoir
win	won	won	gagner
understand	understood	understood	comprendre

Groupe 3 : trois formes différentes

Base	Prétérit	Participe passé	Sens
be	was / were	been	être
go	went	gone	aller
do	did	done	faire
see	saw	seen	voir
eat	ate	eaten	manger
take	took	taken	prendre
give	gave	given	donner
write	wrote	written	écrire
speak	spoke	spoken	parler
break	broke	broken	casser
drive	drove	driven	conduire
know	knew	known	savoir, connaître
fly	flew	flown	voler (en l'air)
begin	began	begun	commencer
drink	drank	drunk	boire
swim	swam	swum	nager

Astuce : dans le groupe begin / drink / swim / sing / ring, la voyelle passe de i à a puis à u (sing, sang, sung).

Mise en situation : le récit de la sortie scolaire

Mum : So, what did you do at the museum?

Alors, qu'avez-vous fait au musée ?

Léo : We saw dinosaurs! Then we ate our sandwiches in the park.

On a vu des dinosaures ! Ensuite on a mangé nos sandwichs dans le parc.

Mum : Did you buy a souvenir?

Tu as acheté un souvenir ?

Léo : Yes, I bought a poster, but I lost my cap. I think I left it on the bus!

Oui, j'ai acheté un poster, mais j'ai perdu ma casquette. Je crois que je l'ai laissée dans le bus !

À retenir

Groupe 1 : cut, put, let... (trois formes identiques).
Groupe 2 : buy - bought - bought (deux formes identiques).
Groupe 3 : go - went - gone (trois formes différentes).
i → a → u : begin, began, begun ; drink, drank, drunk ; swim, swam, swum.

Exercice 1 : Les verbes irréguliers essentiels : exercice 1 (QCM)

Prétérit de « buy » :
1. brought
2. buyed
3. bought
Prétérit de « go » :
1. gone
2. went
3. goed
Participe passé de « see » :
1. seen
2. seed
3. saw
Prétérit de « put » :
1. putted
2. puted
3. put
Prétérit de « think » :
1. thought
2. thank
3. thinked
Participe passé de « write » :
1. wrote
2. written
3. writed
Prétérit de « teach » :
1. thought
2. taught
3. teached
Participe passé de « swim » :
1. swam
2. swimmed
3. swum
Prétérit de « leave » :
1. leaved
2. lived
3. left
Prétérit de « catch » :
1. catched
2. cought
3. caught

Exercice 2 : Les verbes irréguliers essentiels : exercice 2 (à compléter)

Yesterday I .......................... a new bike. (buy)
We .......................... to the cinema last night. (go)
She .......................... a fox in the garden. (see)
I've never .......................... sushi. (eat)
He .......................... me a secret. (tell)
They .......................... the match! (win)
I .......................... my keys this morning. (lose)
Have you .......................... to your penfriend? (write)
We .......................... at school. (meet)
It .......................... ten pounds. (cost)

Exercice 3 : Les verbes irréguliers essentiels : mise en situation

Tu racontes que tu es allé au parc hier.
1. I goed to the park yesterday.
2. I went to the park yesterday.
3. I gone to the park yesterday.
Tu racontes que tu as acheté un livre.
1. I brought a book of.
2. I buyed a book.
3. I bought a book.
Tu dis que tu n'as jamais vu la neige.
1. I've never saw snow.
2. I've never seed snow.
3. I've never seen snow.
Tu racontes que ton chien a cassé un vase.
1. My dog broke a vase.
2. My dog breaked a vase.
3. My dog broken a vase.
Tu dis que tu as perdu ton téléphone.
1. I've losed my phone.
2. I've loose my phone.
3. I've lost my phone.
Tu racontes que tu as rencontré une actrice.
1. I meeted an actress!
2. I meet an actress yesterday!
3. I met an actress!
Tu racontes que tu as dormi dix heures.
1. I slep for ten hours.
2. I sleeped for ten hours.
3. I slept for ten hours.
Tu dis que ton équipe a gagné.
1. Our team wan!
2. Our team winned!
3. Our team won!
Tu racontes que tu as nagé dans la mer.
1. I swum in the sea yesterday.
2. I swimmed in the sea.
3. I swam in the sea.
Tu dis que tu as oublié tes devoirs.
1. I forgotten my homework.
2. I forgot my homework.
3. I forgetted my homework.

Corrigé

Exercice 1

1. c) bought · 2. b) went · 3. a) seen · 4. c) put · 5. a) thought · 6. b) written · 7. b) taught · 8. c) swum · 9. c) left · 10. c) caught

Exercice 2

1. bought · 2. went · 3. saw · 4. eaten · 5. told · 6. won · 7. lost · 8. written · 9. met · 10. cost

Exercice 3

1. b) I went to the park yesterday. · 2. c) I bought a book. · 3. c) I've never seen snow. · 4. a) My dog broke a vase. · 5. c) I've lost my phone. · 6. c) I met an actress! · 7. c) I slept for ten hours. · 8. c) Our team won! · 9. c) I swam in the sea. · 10. b) I forgot my homework.